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Quantum engineers in Australia have developed a simpler design for highly sensitive electromagnetic sensors, potentially advancing brain imaging, medical diagnostics and communications technology.
   
    The research solves a long-standing problem that has limited the performance of superconducting quantum interference devices, known as SQUIDs, which are among the most sensitive magnetic field detectors but have struggled to accurately identify when a magnetic field is exactly zero, according to a statement released Tuesday by Australia's Adelaide University.
   
    Until now, engineers have addressed this problem by building complex circuits containing hundreds or even thousands of differently sized superconducting loops, reducing overall sensor sensitivity, the statement said.
   
    The Adelaide team discovered a simpler solution by keeping the loops the same size but replacing selected loops with "bare loops" containing no Josephson junctions, a key component of traditional SQUIDs. This creates a "synthetic area spread," allowing the sensor to behave as though it contains loops of many different sizes without requiring them.
   
    Lead researcher Giuseppe Tettamanzi, an associate professor at Adelaide University, said the approach could achieve the same result while preserving the conditions needed for maximum sensitivity.
   
    The researchers developed the theory and experimentally confirmed the effect using fabricated superconducting circuits operating at very low temperatures. The discovery could also make future devices easier and less costly to manufacture because the new approach removes the need to fabricate large arrays containing many different loop sizes.
   
    Potential future applications include improved brain monitoring systems, more sensitive radio-frequency receivers, low-noise communication technologies and advanced electromagnetic sensing platforms, according to the study published in Physical Review Applied.